Interlocking shingle



March 21, 1933. J, E BERKHElMER 1,902,155

INTERLOCKING SHINGLE Filed Aug. '3, 1931 Patented Mar. .'21, T933 cm'raoSTATES mais PATEN ori-ics meer n. :ankam or macons, wssnme'rou mmmomcsrmrGLE applic-atm mea angie: a, 1931. serial m. Maese.

The principal object of my 'invention is to' provide compositionshingles of such construction that they can be laid in interlockingrelation, with the lower corners of each shingle held tightly down sothat the butts cannot he blown, slipped or pulled out of posi-v tionafter the roof is puton; that "when so 15 laid the `shingles will havesucient lap at all points to produce a rain and weather tight rootcoverin that the lower lend of each shingle may eely e and orcontractwithout winkhng or buc ing because of vary- 2@ ing temperature or theshrinkage of the underlyinu roof sheathing. i

Another object of the improved shingle is to economize in the use ofrooin material a of lwhich the shingles are made. still ur 25 therobject is to produce a roof'coveringothat will present an ornamentalappearance when laid in one uniform color, and that can be made moreattractive' and interesting when shinglesof different colors are used,

l attain these and'other objects by means of the novel featuresofconstruction hereinafter described and as shown in the-accompanyindrawing, which. illustrates the preerred orm of the' invention, and inwhich- Figure 1 is a plan viewof a hall shingle to be used asa starterat the endl of the roof,

Figure 2 is a plan view of the whole shinele to be used throughout thebody of the cowhen laid y Y Figure 3 is a plan of part of a roof on asmaller scale, and shows the` shingles laid in interlocking relation andthe method oiinterloclrng them. l f

Similar characters refer; tosimilar parts in '45 each ci the views.

Referring to the drawing, it `will be seen that the starter shingle land the body shingle 2 shown respectively in Figs. 1 and@ are Vofuniform length.` They are each de signed to be 18 inches long frombottom to et top with a purpose ol cutting them lirom a one-half widthof 'prepared roong from which they are made, the standard width el whichis 36 inches.v The width of the shingle may be -optional with themanufacturer. "te The bodyr shingle shown in Fig. 2 is drawnV to be 16inches wide and the starter shingle shown in Fig. l is made one-half as''wide a and may be made by cutting thebody shim gle into two equalparte, thus requirmg lout @t one form and size of shingleto be manuiaaetured. c v

The interlocking of the shingle is attained by means of a narrow' slit 3with a round termnalfi cut diagonally inwardly and up-= @l5 wardly fromeach side and near the hatt end of eachl shingle; The slitsdetermine thewidth of the side overlap ol the shingles withy each other and providethe means whereby the butt end ol each shingle can he l@ securelyinterloclrcd underneath each adje centr side t. At the top of cachshingle and in lateral alinement with the round `terminals 4 4 are'laced alinement markers 5--5. These merlers are slight indentaticns 75intothe lace of the shingle and are designed to indicate when each ngleis in lateral alinement with the adjacent side course of shingles as theroeier places each shingle -into interlocking positionpricr to nailingl@ .it in place. The depth of the slits 3 are shown in the drawing to beapproximately -31/1; inches which is" lmowngto he ample to makev arain-ti ht'rooi. This depth may he. made more or ess. to meet theuirements w of different `climates Where there 1s a dicr encej in theviolence of sto degrees ci tem erature' and the .amount o rain-all. l.-T e horizontal ,overlap in laying composition shingles must "varyl withthe slope or l@ pitch of the roof.A To indicate the varied overlaps,three pairs of markers, 6-6, 7--7 and 8-8 are indented in the edge faceof each shingle. The first pair 6 6 are to be used when shingling a roofof 45 degrees or more;` the pair 7-7 are to be used whenshingling a roofhavinga pitch of 30 to 45` degrees; and the pair 8-8 are to be'usedcurely nailed in` lace with flat header nails# 10. s A starter shingle1a is made'by cutting 'oi thebutt end of a starter shingle 1 just abovethe round end 4 of the slit 3. Above this is continued a series ofstarter shingles 1b, 10, 1d and so on up the end or rake of the roof,each shingle beingfplaced with an overlap of 31/2i inches over theshingle below. These shingles are nailed at the top and along the roofedge as indicated and shown. VThe overlap is designed for a degree roofpitch. l

The rst body course of shingles is now started by laying the shingle'2to interlock with shingle 1a so that 1a will engage the slit 3 inshingle 2, and shingle 2 will engage the slit 3 in shingle 1b so thatthe butt corner of shingle 2 will slip under shin le la and the samepart of shingle 1b will slip un'- ,4- 0 'der shin le-2. The side markerof shlngle ,1b is to e in alinement with the top of shingle 2 and thetop marker 5 in alinement with the edge-.of one 1b as will be seen atshingle le. The top of shingle 2 is n ow nailed near the top and nearthe edge of shingle 1b and. p also near the top right hand corner thesame n 'as shown in the top shingles of this Fig. 3.

The other shingles of thislateral course will vbe continued in the samemanner of interlocking and nailing in place.

The second lateral body course will be '.startedby cutting oi the buttendof a shin- .gle 2 similar to the starter 1a and laid` in place to4engage the slit 3 of the eave shingle 01E the first lateral course asshown on the drawing and the course continued up, each shingle beinginterlocked, laid and nailed as shown and described in the first lateralcourse.` The roofer can simplify his work 'by laying several courses ata time, the leadmg course being one shingle in advance of the followingcourse.

The manner of laying and inserting the shingles in place is indicated atthe right of Fig. 3, where shingles 2m and 2y are shown detached and theposition to which they are to 'of material andA of theshingles o intothe body of the roof indicated by roken lines.

It willbe seen that the starting strip 9 will l be exposed at the bottomof each alternate lateral course f shingles and that a large part of thecenter, of each body shingle will have its one thickness only used asthereof covering, thusmaking a greatsaving of roofing material, In a 45degree roof approximately 30 per centA of the roof will have nooverlap.A There will be 72 shingles-of the 16 x 18 inch size required tocover 100 squarer feet of roof as shown in -Fig.3, in which only put-onwith other shingles of this kind now in general use. K v

My improved shingle can be economically manufactured because of therebein no waste ing reetangular in form. No complicated chinery will berequiredfto make them. The

interlocking diagonal slits can becut with a v very simple cuttingdevice. The shingles be-` ing rectangular in form can be easily cratal.144v square feet of roofing material will ybe mayfor shipping, and noexpert roofer will be.

required to put them together on thevroof. They will be useful in rurallocalities as well as in the cities where economy in material and laborare to be considered.

The shingles are tobe made of an ard composition roofing/material,terials of the best quality are recommended, those made most fire-proof,being preferred to uard against lire hazard.

ut ma-"I t is to be understoodthat Il do not limit the making of myimproved shingle to the .exact size shown on'the drawing, butreserve theright to make it 'of smaller sizes, if de-` sired. For example, it ma bemade in 12 inch or 9 inch lengths in wi ths suitably proportioned. Ineach case they are designed to be made from v36 inch'widths of pre aredroofing material with a view of using l the materials. The slits andmarking can be varied anda 'usted-to the size of the shingle and theinter ocking roof laid as heretofore l i described and shown. The sizeof the shingle herein shown and described is believed to be mostsuitable for economy and utility, which L is an important object of theinvention. p

It is to 4be observed that the newly imrovedA shingle when laid in placeas shown in ig. 3, the side exposures are of a dove-tail shape and areof suilicient size to make aigured roof that is ornamental andattractive in design for a roof of one color, and when shingles of`different colors are used, will make a roof that will be artistic andpleasing to' the eye. The shingles made of smaller size it is believedwill make the most artistic roo-if varied colors are used.

Havin described my invention, I claim I 1. A ingle of the'classdesc1'ibed,.said

shingle rectangular in form, and means for interlocking said shinglewithothers of its hnd, said means being a diagonal slit exienol inginwardly and upwardl from each side and from near the butt en of saidshingle. 2. A shingle of the class described, said shingle made inrectangular form, side vslias with rounded terminals extending inwardlyand upwardly from near the butt end of said shingle, face markers on thetop end of said :shingle whereby it ma be laid in lateral alinement, andside mar ers on the side-e Y of said shingle to indicate itshorizontalover lap and alinement.

JESSE n. BERKHER

